After medical wastes washed up on several East Coast beaches, concern over the potential health hazards prompted Congress to enact the Medical Waste Tracking Act (MWTA) of 1988. Specifically, this act, which amended the Solid Waste Disposal Act, did the following:

• Defined medical waste and established which medical wastes would be subject to program regulations.
• Established a cradle-to-grave tracking system utilizing a generator initiated tracking form.
• Required management standards for segregation, packaging, labeling and marking, and storage of the medical waste.
• Established record keeping requirements and penalties that could be imposed for mismanagement.

You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more.EPA promulgated the MWTA regulations on March 24, 1989. The regulations for this two year program went into effect on June 24, 1989 and expired on June 21, 1991 and were in effect in four states (New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island) and Puerto Rico. During this time, EPA also gathered information and performed several studies related to medical waste management. The MWTA and EPA's associated program served to focus attention on the medical waste issue and provided a model for some states and other federal agencies in developing their own medical waste programs.

The MWTA also required EPA to examine various treatment technologies available at the time for their ability to reduce the disease causing potential of medical waste. The technologies that EPA examined in 1990 included:

• incinerators and autoclaves (both onsite and offsite)
• microwave units
• various chemical and mechanical systems

From the information gathered under the MWTA and EPA's concurrent investigations, EPA concluded that the disease-causing potential of medical waste is greatest at the point of generation and naturally tapers off after that point. Thus, risk to the general public of disease caused by exposure to medical waste is likely to be much lower than risk for the occupationally exposed individual.

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For more information, see:

Medical Waste Tracking Act (MWTA) of 1988 (PDF) (9 pp, 1.2MB)
Required EPA to establish a two-year medical waste tracking program in certain designated states.

Federal Register: Standards for the Tracking and Management of Medical Waste, 40 CFR Parts 22 and 259 (March 24, 1989)
These regulations promulgated in response to the MWTA were in effect from June 24, 1989 through June 21, 1991 in four participating states-New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island-and Puerto Rico.

• Preamble and Table of Contents (PDF) (3 pp, 200K)
• I. Authority, II. Background, and III. Future Agency Action (PDF) (6 pp, 1.2MB)
• IV. Overview of the Demonstration Program Tracking System (PDF) (3 pp, 659K)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subparts A - C) (PDF) (4 pp, 800K)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subpart D) (PDF) (8 pp, 1.4MB)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subpart E) (PDF) (5 pp, 1.0MB)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subpart F) (PDF) (5 pp, 1.0MB)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subparts G - H) (PDF) (6 pp, 1.2MB)
• V. Analysis of the Rule--Part 259 Standard for the Tracking Management of Medical Waste (Subparts I - J) (PDF) (4 pp, 848K)
• VI. Relationship to other EPA Programs and VII. Relationship to other Federal Regulatory Programs (PDF) (5 pp, 1MB)
• VIII. Federal Facilities, IX. Joint Federal & State Implementation, and X. Regulatory Impacts (PDF) (7 pp, 1.4MB)

Regulation Table of Contents (PDF) (1 pp, 179K)
Includes PART 22-Consolidated Rules of Practice Governing the Administrative Assessment of Civil Penalties & the Revocation or Suspension of Permits and PART 259-Standards for the Tracking and Management of Medical Waste.

• Part 259 Subparts A - G (PDF) (7 pp, 1.4MB)
• Part 259 Subparts H - J (PDF) (5 pp, 909K)
• Appendices I & II (PDF) (6 pp, 840K)
• Appendices III & IV (PDF) (7 pp, 793K)